Web Class Room Essays - Educational Psychology, Distance Education

Web Class Room How to Go From Class-Room to Web-Room as Painlessly as Possible 1.0 ABSTRACT Getting your course onto the World Wide Web (WWW) is best done using a systematic approach. There are a number of steps that need to be taken prior to starting any of the actual web work. Meetings should be held with various groups within your institution. Once the actual coursework is begun, there are some essential components and some optional components. There are specific skills and talents that you either need to acquire or you need to access. Each web-based course is unique, but they often have many components in common. Some are essential, others may be optional. Resources can be found on your campus, from the many web companies and from the web itself. 2.0 KEY WORDS World Wide Web, WWW, Distance Education, HTML, Web-Based Instruction 3.0 INTRODUCTION The number of degree credit courses available on the World Wide Web (WWW) has increased at the same astonishing rate as other activities on the WWW. There are some specific steps that can be taken that will help to transport the professor from the idea stage to the delivery of a course over the WWW. Also, just like any other educational technology, web-based instruction works better for some situations than others. Web-based instruction is useful when you want to create a virtual environment which is not easily or, perhaps, safely accessible. An example is sending learners to a virtual nuclear lab or on a "virtual tour" of the Louver in Paris. 4.0 WEB BASED INSTRUCTION Web-based instruction it allows learners to gain knowledge and skill more effectively than traditional methods. Simply transferring material such as lecture notes to the web is not using the technology to its best advantage. Lengthy text such as lecture notes are, in fact, best printed because most learners experience eye strain and sensory disinterest reading long passages of text on a screen. Some specific situations tend to lend themselves to web-based instruction. 4.1 Encouraging Communication You want to encourage communication through conferencing. Through internet conferencing learners may participate in discussions or group work with one another with or without the participation of the instructor. Role plays, simulations of historical events and debates are also examples of how learning can be facilitated through the conferencing option. 4.2 Accessing Source Documents You want learners to use "source documents" to complete assignments such as conducting an analysis or designing a project. These source documents may not be readily available to learners or perhaps, based on the assignment, will not be equally significant to all the learners. For example, you may ask learners to research and analyze issues pertaining to Canadian elections. To complete the assignment, various learners may access archived information such as newspaper and journal articles which specifically relate to their particular interest or point of view. One example is a site operated by the University of Victoria (http://web.uvic.ca/history robinson/index.html) which contains letters, maps, biographies and newspaper articles about the murder of William Robinson committed on Saltspring Island in 1868. The information at the site allows learners and the public to pursue their research as they please and to access original documents which are not generally available. Individuals are free to interpret the meaning of the documents and reach their own conclusions. 4.3 Flexibility of Learning You want to provide maximum flexibility to allow learners to undertake learning and research in the order which best suits them. Because the web allows learners to "move around" at will, they do not need to follow a structured hierarchy. Generally learners need and want some direction but the web allows a more flexible approach. 4.4 Further Study You want learners to pool data and/or analysis to find patterns and trends or to undertake further study. 5.0 ASSUMPTIONS For a starting point and to keep us on track in this paper, I will discuss degree credit courses delivered by the University of New Brunswick. I will assume that for your case there is ready WWW web access for the professor as well as web access for students. Again, for consistency, I expect my students to have at least Netscape 3 (or its equivalent), their own internet service provider (ISP), and the skills necessary to access the WWW. These are my starting points - but most concepts discussed will transfer across institutional lines. 6.0 BEFORE YOU START YOUR COMPUTER 6.1 Steps to Take There a number of things that you should do before you begin to do any coding, contracting or late night computer hacking. There are meetings to setup, there is paper

Rulers from Asia essays

Rulers from Asia essays After the fall of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt a group of nomadic people from Asia invaded and captured Lower Egypt. These people were called the Hyksos. Egypt lacked a standing army and their weapons were far inferior to that of the invaders. The weak rulers of the Thirteenth Dynasty led to an internal struggle within the government, thus ripping the empire into many small factions and leaving it open to attack. During this time a group of peoples from Asia immigrated to Egypt and slowly began to take-over the now divided government. This led to the separation of Upper and Lower Egypt. Though the Egyptians learned many new technologies, they still did not want the Hyksos in their lands. The Egyptian Pharaohs vowed to lead their armies to regain control of their lands, and expand their empire. Egypt, having a series of weak rulers, led to internal fighting which weakened the country. Egypt also had no standing army and its protective borders no longer a threat to invaders, a group of people from Asia the Hyksos, immigrated to Egypt, using their superior weaponry they took power and ruled Egypt for about one-hundred and fifty years. The Pre-Dynastic period, pre 3150 BCE was a period of time when the nomads of Egypt started to settle, become farmers and build towns. Around 3150 BCE, Egypt was joined together under the rule of one pharaoh, Narmer, who for the first time in Egypts history ruled both upper and lower Egypt as one. Between the years 2700-2190 BCE, referred to as the Old Kingdom or as the Pyramid Age, was a time in which strong ruling families or dynasties were in power and ruled the land jointly. This was a time when the construction of the Great Pyramids on the Giza Plateau took place, including the Step Pyramid for King Zoser and the three large pyramids for the Kings Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu. With the fall of the Old Kingdom around 2190 BCE, began a series of five dynasties that were mostly weak rulers....

Black Legend Essay Research Paper The

Black Legend Essay, Research Paper The Black Legend During the late 15th and early 16th centuries Catholic Spain was get downing a huge motion in attempts to rule Europe by suppressing lands about the New World. Lands in Mexico and countries near the Yucatan known as New Spain became the focal point of Spain s conquering. Bing the first state to administer their settlements throughout the New World, Spain was ridiculed by neighbouring states like England and France. However this type of ridiculing was mostly due to the faith of Spain at the clip. After the Protestant Reformation, Spain had remained to be a Catholic state. Therefore powers like England were able to assail Spain from all political sides. This new vision of Spain s bloody conquering in South America allowed Protestant Europeans to originate a theory on Spain s conquerings known as the Black Legend. This Black Legend was said to state that the Spanish were barbarous to the indigens in their settlements merely because they were Catholic. Based on the given articles written from the bulk of which were brought approximately from different position and sentiments, this fable in my sentiment must be true. Such people who wrote these letters or docudramas were well- sure solons, and to lie to the governor of one # 8217 ; s state was considered to be a wickedness to both the Majesty and to God. Even in the positions of those belonging to Spain and the Catholic Church, the Spaniard # 8217 ; s try to represent themselves in the New World was an unjustly and barbarous cause. The chief ground for Spain s barbarian attack to the New World was in effort to the counter-Reformation. The Spaniards wanted to pull new voices in the Catholic Church by directing missionaries and Jesuits to the New World in order to spread out the faith and hopefully convey the terminal of Protestant Reformation by barricading off all England s and Europe s effort in colonisation. Therefore, the usage of force was needed to suppress new lands and advance God and His Majesty for Spain. Since the position of the French, English, and even Spanish are used, in my best words I claim the Black Legend to be true. In the words of de Las Casas who he himself was a Catholic Spaniard said that the indigens were people who were patient, peaceable and unagitated. They neer had hatred, desire, or retribution. He considered them to be weak and delicate people who lived amongst themselves in peace and harmoniousness. How of all time, in conformity to the priest, the Spaniards and their Equus caballuss came and slaughtered the adult females, work forces, and kids in hunt of enlargement and chiefly gold. This desire for gold kept the Spaniards on the move, and until they had had all they would non rest. Even in the eyes of an Aztec who had nil but his people, the Spaniards killed and robbed the people and even at times took advantage of their adult females. This ferociousness, nevertheless, merely seemed to be in the eyes of conquistadors. For among present twenty-four hours America, the Gallic and Puritans struck singular friendly relationship among the local indigens. The Gallic with the assistance of the baronial Samuel de Champlain struck a trade trade with the Indians for beaver pelt. Even the Puritans gained trust from Squanto in Plymouth to construct a durable relationship of trust and friendly relationship. When Sir Walter Raleigh arrived in the Caribbean he described the people as frightened and bewildered due to the plundering Spanish who took advantage of their adult females and embarrassed their work forces. Even with such conquerings and ferociousness of the Spanish, commercial Catholicism was non reached harmonizing to Father Juan Rogel in a missive to Pedro I. He claimed that despite great promotions in the modernisation of the indigens, he was unable to convey them to the understanding about the faith. Since the Indians were on the move 9 of 12 months he was unable to larn the linguistic communication to the full or wholly preach to them. And when he did they would invariably do merriment of his words. He acknowledged that the lone manner acquire them to collaborate were to settle them down and build small towns. For if any adult male was to follow them for 50 old ages, his message would neer acquire across. These concrete facts, letters, and personal histories seem to indicate at the Spaniards as being barbarous due to the fact that they were Catholic and had the desire to acquire their message across and take advantage of the people and ownerships of the ancient civilisations established in the New World. The Protestants really good could hold done such things every bit good in order to barricade the counter-Reformation, alternatively they took the advice of the indigens and established a more comfortable foundation and settlement. Even though today most of South America is Catholic, they are still behind chiefly due to the Acts of the Apostless that occurred 100s of old ages ago. In bend the Black Legend did hold a big impact on the colonisation and Reformation of the New World.

Common Decency Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Common Decency - Assignment Example Unfortunately, the general manager of the hotel was arrogant and disrespectful to the hotel guests. Potential conflict may be avoided if the general manager did not express his emotions with regards to how frustrated he has become with regards to persons with disabilities. Escalation of conflict from potential to actual may be prevented by considering how the client must feel that he could not attend the wedding because his wheelchair could not pass through the function room. A pleasing tone in communicating to the guests may also prevent the escalation of conflict. 3. One conflict involved the non-availability of a room for one hotel guest, despite her presentation of a confirmation number for a reservation that was made two weeks earlier. A solution to this problem would involve the immediate provision of a room for this particular guest and possibly an additional feature, such as a free dinner from the hotel's dining room, free of charge. The other conflict involved the inability of a disabled guest to get into the function room of a wedding. A possible solution to this conflict would involve the movement of tables in the function room and assisting the guest in getting into the wedding reception. 4.

Triangulation in Geometry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Triangulation in Geometry - Research Paper Example More specifically, it can be defined as the underlying space of a simplicial complex. Here, a polyhedron can be viewed as an intersection of halfspaces (Webster 1994). Then, a convex polytope may be defined as the convex hull of a finite set of points (which are always bounded), or as a bounded intersection of a finite set of half-spaces (Webster 1994). More specifically, it can be defined as a finite region of -dimensional space enclosed by a finite number of hyperplanes. The part of the polytope that lies in one of the bounding hyperplanes is called a cell (Weisstein 2002). Simplex is the generalization of a tetrahedral region of space to -D. The boundary of a -simplex has -faces (vertices), -faces (edges), and -faces, where is a binomial coefficient. The simplex named because it represents the simplest possible polytope in any given space (Weisstein 2002). Simplicial complex is a space with a triangulation. Formally, a simplicial complex in is a collection of simplices in such that: (i) every face of a simplex of is in , and (ii) the intersection of any two simplices of is a face of each of them (Munkres 1993). Objects in the space made up of only the simplices in the triangulation of the space are called simplicial subcomplexes (Weisstein 2002). Usually, surface is a -D submanifold of -D Euclidean space. More generally, surface is an -D submanifold of an -D manifold, or in general, any codimension-1 subobject in an object like a Banach space or an infinitedimensional manifold. A surface with a finite number of triangles in its triangulation is called compact surface (Weisstein 2002). Genus is a topologically invariant property of a surface defined as the largest number of nonintersecting simple closed curves that can be drawn on the surface without separating it. In fact, it is the number of holes in a surface (Weisstein 2002). The geometric genus of a surface is related to the Euler characteristic by . Our final key definition is for Betti numbers. Betti numbers are topological objects which were proved to be invariants by Poincar, and used by him to extend the polyhedral formula to higher dimensional spaces. Informally, the Betti number is the maximum number of cuts that can be made without dividing a surface into two separate pieces. Formally, the -th Betti number is the rank of the -th homology group of a topological space (Griffiths 1976; Weisstein 2002). 2. Euler's theorem Euler's theorem states relation between the number of vertices , edges , and faces of a simply connected (i.e., genus ) polyhedron () or polygon (), i.e. it states the polyhedral formula . Initial Euler's proof of the polyhedral formula is not irreproachable (Cromwell 1999). This proof is based on the principle that polyhedrons can be truncated. Euler's proof begins with a polyhedron consisting of a large number of vertice

Information Security Overview Essay Example for Free

Information Security Overview Essay In this paper I will be discussing some of the benefits of having frameworks for information security management. What each of the frameworks of information security are, their pros and their cons. Which major perspectives to consider in information security management and framework choice. What organizational factors should be considered in framework choice? I will also attempt to come up with a better framework for information security. Some of the benefits of having frameworks for information security management are, that they serve as a common ground for integrating all types of information security functions. It also helps answer question of how to react to information security issues. As well as, helping identify what the important components involved in establishing and maintaining information security initiatives. Since our information faces more potential security breaches than ever before (Ma, Schmidt, Pearson, 2009 p. 58). The information security frameworks are the following: -Governance frameworks -Security frameworks -Risk management and risk assessment frameworks -Audit and assurance frameworks -Legal and regulatory frameworks The governance framework is very important because it gives us a road map for the application, evaluation and improvement of information security practices (Information Security Governance: Toward a Framework for Action). This frame work includes legislation, regulations, corporate structure, corporate culture and the importance of information security to the organization. It also acts as a mechanism to deliver value, mange performance and also mitigates risk. Another important fact about this  framework is that it gives us a way to assign accountability for each decision and performance. It ensures that policies, procedures, management and other related management techniques are all working hand in hand to achieve the organization’s goals. There aren’t many documents that define the roles, tasks and responsibilities of different senior members of an organization, just like in any other successful practice the need of support from senior management is needed. FISMA clarifies how that support has to be given. Some of the pros that governance frameworks bring to the table are as follows: It helps technology with business goals, it provided a framework for measuring and managing IS performance. It also facilitates compliance with external legislation and regulations. And last but not least, it helps ensure valuable technology solutions are delivered on time and on budget. Security standard framework consists of various guidelines, standards and regulations FISMA, NIST 800-39, HIPAA stand out to me. Each of these cover a wide range of needs that need to be followed in order to achieve a successful security framework. While FISMA is a more broad regulation that covers many government related issues, it still provides a good understanding of the division of responsibilities. NIST 800-39 delves into different risk management issues, which will be highlighted as I continue this research. Information security planning or strategy should be aligned with business objectives (Peltier, 2003 p.22) According to NIST 800-39 Risk management is a comprehensive process that requires organizations to: frame risk i.e. establish the context for risk-based decisions, assess risk and responds to risk once determined, and to monitor risk on an ongoing basis. This frame work is a fundamental requirement in which senior leaders and executives need to be committed to. There are many organizational risks, some of these are: i.e. program management risk, investment risks, legal liability risk and security. Information systems is also critical to the success of organizations achieving their objectives and strategic goals (NIST 800-39 p. 2). Some of the pros for Risk Management frame works are a) reducing the risk to an acceptable level if the risk cannot be eliminated, with which the organization it is still able to function safely. b) Risk can be transferred by using insurance policies by insuring that the company’s assets are protected for theft or destruction. Audit and assurance frameworks includes assessing and comparing what is actually happening in an  organization against what is actually supposed to be happening. Auditors can also be called to assess compliance with corporate security policies, standards, procedures and guidelines. Some times as contractual commitments, either as a specific audit or solely in the course of routine audit assignment. Legal and regulatory frameworks, ensure that organizations are abiding by the requirements given by the different regulations like, FISMA, HIPPA and others. Failure to comply with the standards listed on these and other regulations can affect organizations in various ways; ranging from fines to jail time depending of the severity of the violation and the state where the violation is being committed. The some of the pros to this framework are that organizations will be more apt to follow what is required of them all the while protecting not only the customers’ sensitive informations but also the employee’s vital information. Some of the cons to these frameworks â€Å"A secure system is one that does what it’s supposed to† (Eugene Spafford). There is no way to ensure that all systems have the same state of security. Because not all systems do the same things. Therefore each individual organization or user must choose what type of security is important. In some cases security clashes with itself. Controls that might enhance confidentiality doesn’t necessarily support integrity. With all the time it takes to control integrity and confidentiality and how complex they each are, the availability is impacted. It does not come as a surprise that it is impossible to create a universal checklist of the items once implemented, will guarantee security. Security risks aren’t necessarily measurable, since the frequencies and impacts of future incidents are dependent on many different things that tend to be out of our control. If we don’t know what skills whoever is attempting to intrude or hack our systems is working with, it would be difficult to fight it, let alone predict it. Opposite to what some might believe, according to BOA’s Smith, â€Å"senior management is not the biggest hindrance to better security. Rather, th e middle management might represent one of the largest challenges because they impact the organization daily.† Many organizations find it difficult to stay in compliance with different government laws and regulations like Sarbanes-Oxley Act and HIPAA in addition to Payment card industry Data security Standards. It does not help the fact that there is a scarcity in security professionals who have the technical and engineering skills that  know how to explain the risks/rewards and the trade-off and can sell solutions within the organization. When choosing a framework in information security management we have to keep in mind different factors in order to have a successful framework. Some of these factors are, the goals of the organization; we have to establish the information security objectives, these should be strategic, organizational focus and made by executive-level management, since they have a better grasp of the whole business goals and limitations. We also have to be aware of the fact that organizational goals, structure and information security management strategy has to change as different environmental factors like, technology business and legislation frequently evolve. Another important factor is the culture of the organization need to be the same for everyone involve, from the CISO to the administrative assistant. After all the extensive reading, my framework would have a continuous risk management and risk assessment frame work, security controls that align perfectly with the goals of the business and the culture of not only the organization but the entire workforce. I would achieve this by implementing quarterly training on the importance of ISM and how it affects everyone involved. I believe that everyone should be kept informed as to what our IS goals are by showing them how we have failed or succeeded. On the chance that we have failed we can have the employees propose how we can make it better. When we involve everyone affected they will take it more seriously. There are different types of frameworks that make up the information security management framework. Which address the needs for a functional ISM framework and details the obligations of those in an organization while providing the standards, guidelines, legislations and regulations the all have to abide by. And how the lack of a proper framework can affect those in the organization. Reference Ma, Q., Schmidt, M., Pearson, J. (2009). An integrated framework for information security managemtn. doi: Review of Business Dempsey, K., Chawla, N., Johnston, R., Jones, A., Orebaugh, A., Scholl, M., Stine, K., Johnson, A. U.S Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2001). Information security continuous monitoring for federal information systems and organizations (800-137). Gaithersburg, MD D. Smith (Jonson, M., Goetz, E. (2007). Embedding information security into the organization. 17.) Eugene Spafford. (I’m sorry, but I lost the article where I got his quote from)

David Wilmot and the Wilmot Proviso :: essays research papers

David Wilmot   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David Wilmot was born in Bethany, Pennsylvania, on January 20, 1814. Wilmot received his academic education in Bethany and in Aurora, New York. He was later admitted to the bar at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, in 1834. He soon began practice at Towanda, where he afterward resided. He was first brought into public notice from his support of Martin Van Buren in the presidential race of 1836. He helped to found the Republican Party and was a Republican Senator from 1861 to 1863, filling out the unexpired term of Simon Cameron. He then became a judge of the U.S. Court of Claims in 1863.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David Wilmot was an avid abolitionist. He became a part of the Free-Soil Party, which was made chiefly because of rising opposition to the extension of slavery into any of the territories newly acquired from Mexico. Not only was he opposed to the extension of slavery into â€Å"Texas,† he created the Wilmot Proviso. The Wilmot Proviso, which is obviously named after its creator, was an amendment to a bill put before the U.S. House of Representatives during the Mexican War; it provided an appropriation of $2 million to enable President Polk to negotiate a territorial settlement with Mexico. David Wilmot created this in response to the bill stipulating that none of the territory acquired in the Mexican War should be open to slavery. The amended bill was passed in the House, but the Senate adjourned without voting on it. In the next session of Congress (1847), a new bill providing for a $3-million appropriation was introduced, and Wilmot again proposed an anti slavery amendment to it. The amended bill passed the House, but the Senate drew up its own bill, which excluded the proviso. The Wilmot Proviso created great bitterness between North and South and helped take shape the conflict over the extension of slavery. In the election of 1848, the terms of the Wilmot Proviso, a definite challenge to proslavery groups, were ignored by the Whig and Democratic parties but were adopted by the Free-Soil party. Later, the Republican Party also favored excluding slavery from new territories.

The Genesis Account of Creation: Myth or Reality

I always do recall, while reading through the first few pages of the Bible, (i. e. the book of Genesis), how highly impressed I was as a child, to see how the world began and how God put everything in place but then kept pondering; who was there with God taking a record of events while he was creating? Once upon a time, I asked my Christian Religious Studies teacher in School and he stood there dumbfounded unable to give any response. During my Catechism days, I was made to understand I must believe everything that the bible contains as true without doubting. However the more I tried to understand the creation narratives, the more questions generated within me. Was the world actually created just as the book of Genesis tells us? Did the same God, who created man last on the sixth day in Chapter One, come back again in Chapter Two to create the same man first before other things? In fact, considering the recent advancements in science and the claims by evolutionists today about the origin of the world, can we say that these creation narratives amount to mere myths? According to the Anchor Bible Dictionary, prior to the period of the Enlightenment, the question of whether or not the Bible contained any myths at all was not so pronounced. In fact, it was as from the 18th century that people started wondering if the Old Testament stories such as the creation narratives could possibly count as myths. This was basically fuelled by the various movements which came up to stress that the basis for anything to be considered true was its historical verifiability. Hence, the debate about myths in the Bible was initially a question of its truth and falsity. For instance, when the Bible speaks of events which took place prior to when the world itself began (when no man could have possibly existed to take a record of them), a successful attempt to show that they are actually myths translates to saying they are simply products of human imagination. And if this is the case, it follows then that the entire Bible itself rests on a questionable foundation. Hence over the years, several scholars have invested a great deal of time and effort on this quest. Before we proceed, it is important to bear in mind that at the heart of this debate lies the eaning and conception of the term myth. What is myth? And what constitutes a myth? What is Myth? Etymologically, the English word myth comes from the Greek mythos. In early Greek mythos meant â€Å"word, speech, design†; it was more or less synonymous with epos (â€Å"word, speech, message†), and close in meaning to logos (â€Å"account, talk†); myth is narration, tale-telling. Gradually it came to be used as a technical term for an entertaining tale, the truth of which was uncertain or unwarranted. From the time of Plato onward, mythos then became a contrasting term for logos (i. e. the rational, responsible account). To this day, whenever the word myth is used, there is an underlining tendency to consider that which it refers to as superstition. As B. Batto observes, â€Å"the derogation of myth as pagan superstition and therefore false and incompatible with Christian dogma remained the characteristic Christian attitude until the modern period – and is still the prevalent in some circles. † Initial Conclusion – No Myths in the Bible Based on the above, it becomes clear that with this understanding of the term myth, the Bible contains no myths since it has no pagan superstitions incompatible with Christian dogma. Now it becomes easy to see how stories as such as the Enuma Elish, Altrahasis or even the various African traditional stories of creation, etc could best be described as myths. In line with this, the word myth came to be defined as â€Å"stories about the gods† (a definition which was popularised by the Grimm Brothers) thereby distinguishing the Bible narratives out as non-myths. Since the Bible is essentially monotheistic it cannot possibly contain any myth as myths essentially refer to stories about several gods. Following this same principle, in his Introduction To The Old Testament, Wermer H.  Schmidt, goes further to explain that the Old Testament based on its conception of God â€Å"uses the language of myth in giving expression to its faith and it in fact borrows from surrounding cultures a number of mythical motifs and bits of mythical stories†¦ but it does not itself develop any myths. † In other words, the Genesis accounts of creation for instance only borrowed certain mythical motifs from those of the Ancient Near East but do not in themselves constitute any myth. The Evolution of Meaning and the Possibility of Myth in the Bible From the foregoing, it appears our case has been solved already. Just as we have shown, the meaning of the term myth gradually evolved from its simple understanding as a ‘narration’ to later take a negative connotation as ‘false tale. ’ At this point it was very easy to distinguish what could count as true (believable) and what should be dumped as myth (entertainment). However the trouble began when the term myth came to be positively re-defined with time. The Italian philosopher Vico posited â€Å"that myth came from within man’s own deepest inner nature; using the imagination rather than reason the first men gave true – even if non-rational and pre-scientific – answers to the original human dilemmas. German scholar David Friedrich Strauss (1808–74) working principally on the New Testament using the theory of Euphemism reached quite shocking conclusions that bulk of the O. T and N. T narratives such as the birth and conception of Jesus were not historically true, even if as mythical materials they did offer a deeper kind of human truth. His book Life of Jesus (1835), though had immediately rendered him famous eventually, led to the end of his academic career as many couldn’t accept his opinions. Nonetheless with a growing body of research and findings in Biblical archaeology which seemed to support Strauss, there arose some tension towards the end of the 19th Century with regard to the continued denial of myths in the Bible. Scholars after Strauss such as Hermann Gunkel, insisted that myths are stories about the gods and that â€Å"for a story of the gods at least two gods are essential† but since OT â€Å"from its beginning tended toward monotheism,† the Bible contains no complete myths. With time, scholars outside the realm of biblical studies dismissed this definition of myth â€Å"as inadequate, overly narrow, and apologetic. † In other words, as the meaning of myth gradually evolved from the negative to the positive conception of myth as deep truth, (that is â€Å"the profound symbolisation of realities which transcend human capacity to comprehend and express in ordinary language but which are profoundly true and paradigmatic for authentic life†), scholars such as Rudolf Bultmann (1884–1976) now propelled by the historico-critical method soon began to associate the term myth with certain key biblical mysteries. For Bultmann, the term myth assumed a much broader definition as â€Å"one of the ways in which any culture objectifies and symbolizes its entire worldview. † With such a broad understanding of myth, it was impossible to deny that much biblical narrative is inherently mythological. In this regard G. H. Davies in 1956 defined myth as â€Å"a way of thinking and imagining about the divine† and not necessarily about the gods such that myth can also occur in monotheistic religions. Following this trend of thought, John L.  McKenzie SJ in his Dictionary of the Bible (1976), came to the conclusion that â€Å"when we compare the thought processes of the OT with the processes of Semitc myth, we observe that the OT rejects all elements which are out of character with the God whom they knew. But what they knew of God could be expressed only through symbolic form and concrete cosmic event, and the relations of God with the world and with man were perceived and expressed through the same patterns and processes which elsewhere we call mythical. † In this same line of thought came more recent scholars such as B. S.  Childs as well as F. M. Cross. Today scholars believe that â€Å"in Israel, no less than in Ancient Near East generally, mythopoeism (myth-making) constituted one of the basic modes of speculation about the origin of the world and the place of human kind. † Reflecting personally on the above, I have come to realise that the debate about myth in the Bible, (a debate which had initially being sparked off by those movements who claimed that the basis of truth is historical verifiability) over the years now became a debate about the meaning of the word myth. As such, scholars delved into the issue over the years failing to realise that those who began the debate had in mind a conception that whatever fails the test of historical verification is untrue and as such should be considered as a myth. Scholars jumped into the debate without first realising the mistake of these movements. Historical verifiability is not the only criterion for truth. If for instance as at when I was born, nobody took records of my birth and it so happened that all my entire generation, my parents my siblings and everybody around me then suddenly died, the fact that I have no historical poof of my birth does not mean I wasn’t born at all. Hence the real error wasn’t about the definition of the term myth but the misconception that whatever is pre-history is false. No wonder, as long as myth remained in its original conception as false tale, the Bible was free of myths but the moment the definition of myth shifted into the more positive light as deep truths, the same Bible suddenly became full of myths. What we should bear in mind is that when this debate began the concept of myth was basically negative. (Recall that from Plato, myth was seen as a contrast for logos). And as long as the debate continues, the definition ought to remain the same. Even to this day, as long as we continue to regard the word myth as a false narrative, then the Bible contains no myths; the Genesis accounts of creation are not myths but pure realities, truths – although not historical, not scientific, not mathematical, but theological.

Cathay Pacific Essay

Company Profile Cathay Pacific is an international airline registered and based in Hong Kong, offering scheduled passenger and cargo services to 172 destinations in 39 countries and territories. The Company was founded in Hong Kong in 1946 and remains deeply committed to its home base, making substantial investments to develop Hong Kong as one of the world’s leading international aviation centres. In addition to its fleet of 138 aircraft, these investments include catering and ground-handling companies and the corporate headquarters at Hong Kong International Airport. Cathay Pacific continues to invest heavily in its home city and at 31st December 2012 had another 92 new aircraft due for delivery up to 2020. The airline recently completed construction of its own cargo terminal in Hong Kong, which commenced a staged transition of operations in February 2013 Cathay Pacific and its subsidiaries employ some  29,900 people worldwide (more than 22,800 of them in Hong Kong). Cathay Pacific is listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, as are its substantial shareholders Swire Pacific Limited (â€Å"Swire Pacific†) and Air China.Cathay Pacific is a founding member of the oneworld global alliance, whose combined network serves more than 800 destinations worldwide. Competitive advantages Competitive advantage is the ability of an organization to outperform others because they produce desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively than its competitors. When a firm sustains profits that exceed the average for its industry, the firm is said to possess a competitive advantage over its rivals. The goal of much of business strategy is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. A competitive advantage exists when the firm is able to deliver the same benefits as competitors but at a lower cost (cost advantage), or deliver benefits that exceed those of competing products (differentiation advantage). Thus, a competitive advantage enables the firm to create superior value for its customers and superior profits for itself. Characteristics of competitive advantages Value To improve the product quality, Cathay Pacific efforts to meet and achieve needs of passengers. In an increasingly competitive environment, it is crucial to maintain and develop passenger loyalty by providing high quality products and services. This remains a key focus of the Cathay Pacific Airways. Therefore, Cathay Pacific has introduced a new Premium Economy Class product, a new long-haul Economy Class seat and a new Regional Business Class seat. The airline’s long-haul Business Class was named World’s Best Business Class in 2012 at the World Airline Awards run by Skytrax. â€Å"Cathay Pacific’s strengths is to provide a comprehensive level of service, we are committed to the objectives to be achieved.† expressed the company’s strengths said by Cathay Pacific Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive David Turnbull. Not only service provided by Cathay Pacific inside the aircraft, but also all ground service need to be monitored, such as check-in, pick up luggage and even the passengers leave from the airport to the home way. All these aspects are Cathay Pacific service range and strive  to provide satisfactory service to passengers. The Top-class management team and loyal support can workforce a good combination. Thereby, the airline’s real competitive advantage in these â€Å"most challenging business conditions for our industry in more than a generation† was its supportive workforce, quoting the response of the airline’s nearly 20,000 staff to a special leave scheme designed to save the company cash and to prevent the need for staff layoffs. On the other hand, the core strengths of Cathay Pacific Airways are a superb team, a strong international network, exceptional standards of customer service, a strong relationship with China and our position in Hong Kong. These will help to ensure the success of the Cathay Pacific Group in the long term. Rareness From the Hong Kong people’s point of view, Cathay Pacific Airways is a Hong Kong-based international airline registered in Hong Kong, offering scheduled passenger and cargo services to over 90 destinations around the world. So many transit passengers can take advantage of this huge turn flight transmission of Hong Kong and Cathay Pacific’s flight network. Thus, they can proceed to another city through Hong Kong. As the Hong Kong airport is a hub airport, Hong Kong is a transit point for the proportion of long-term passenger. Therefore, Cathay Pacific abandoned the low-price strategy, but stick to the original high-end line, determined to become the most admired airlines, â€Å"Shaping a super brand† naturally become a center of all of Cathay Pacific’s work. Concerning the super brand image, it is shaped by 3 elements which are quality products, full service and successful promotion. Limitability Furthermore, the â€Å"Cathay Pacific brand† communication activities are very systematic and high-profile promotional activities abound in the world. For example, join to carry out the activities of the â€Å"Best Chinese Food† with so well-known restaurants in Hong Kong, joint other business enterprises for holding â€Å"Asia Miles Airlines’ frequent flyer program’’, â€Å"Cathay Pacific Hong Kong International Races† with the Hong Kong Jockey Club, and so on. Promotional activities with a clear theme promoted in different period and  channel, such as TV advertising, print advertising, Internet advertising, outdoor advertising, etc. Substitutability Since the network and the routes that the airways’ own products, Cathay Pacific constantly purchase new models, update, expand their fleet, and to join one of the world’s five largest airline alliance oneworld alliance to strengthen the global network. Currently, more than 80 piloted aircraft Cathay Pacific fleet is one of the world’s youngest and most modern passenger fleet, with an average age of only seven years. Moreover, Cathay Pacific received 19 new aircraft in 2012 for prolonging to upgrade the competence of the company. As at 31 December 2012, Cathay Pacific had 92 aircraft on order for delivery up to 2020. The order was placed for 6 Airbus A350-900 aircraft in January 2012. In August, Cathay Pacific ordered 10 Airbus A350-1000 aircraft and converted an existing order for 16 Airbus A350-900 aircraft into an order for 16 Airbus A350-1000 aircraft. In March 2013, Cathay Pacific entered ‘into an agreement with The Boeing Company under which it agreed to buy 3 Boeing 747-8F freighter aircraft. Under the agreements, Cathay Pacific also acquired options to purchase 5 Boeing 777-200F freighters and The Boeing Company agreed to purchase 4 Boeing 747-400BCF converted freighters, which were taken out of service in 2012 and early 2013. SWOT analysis Strengths: Cathay Pacific is committed to strengthening Hong Kong’s position as a global aviation hub and gateway to the Chinese Mainland, and leveraging its network to enhance business, tourist and cargo traffic flows. Cathay Pacific is dedicated to technological excellence for its products and services. It was one of the first airlines to provide inflight email. It also offers online ticketing and check-in, a downloadable timetable, and the notiFLY flight paging service, which delivers real-time flight information updates to customers via email or on their mobile phones. The iPermit scheme enables Taiwan residents to apply for Hong Kong visas via the internet and collect them upon arrival at Hong Kong International Airport. Its inflight entertainment system offers more than 20 video channels and an audio/video  on demand system for First and Business class passengers. It was voted â€Å"World’s Leading Use of Inflight Technology† in the World Travel Awards 2003 poll of 80,000 travel industry professionals. Cathay Pacific is a member of the oneworld global alliance, joining Aer Lingus, American Airlines, British Airways, Finnair, Iberia, LanChile and Qantas. Swiss Air Lines International is the latest full alliance member. The oneworld carriers’ combined network serves more than 570 destinations. Cathay Pacific is also a member of the popular travel reward program, Asia Miles. Weakness: There is no such company without weaknesses. Cathay Pacific Airways unpunctuality in their flights sometimes makes their customer difficult to opt to fly with the airline. In addition, the air hostesses are not very pleasant and nice thus making people leave out the airline as an option when traveling home and abroad. Cathay Pacific Airways also finds it hard to reposition itself in the wake of financial crisis. The company also is unable to deal with numerous scandals compelled people to lose confidence in it. Opportunities: Cathay Pacific Airways is known to be Hong Kong’s leading airlines gives them the opportunity to acquire more customers and generate more revenues. People would have more confidence on airlines that are recognized by the award winning bodies because it would make the people have more confidence on flying with the said airlines. In addition, with Cathay Pacific Airways’ online booking, they give more convenience to their customer giving them the chance to attract more customers especially with people that have no time to go to airlines branches for bookings. The airline has also an opportunity of technology advancement for easier transaction and operations and for more convenience for customers and employees. Moreover, with its recognition, the airline attracts more opportunities of expansion. Threats: Threats are always with every organization. Airline industry is the most competitive industry. Cathay Pacific Airways competitors especially the government owned airlines are the threat of the company. Government owned airlines have less likely to close down. It is also supported with the national government with their resources giving them more opportunities over  a publicly owned airline like the Cathay Pacific Airways. In addition, political ramification also affects the operation of airlines. Moreover, economic recession also is a threat to airlines. With economic recession, people are likely to save and reduce their travel expenses to cope up with the recession. People expenditure are the most likely affected with the recession and thus also affects airlines since people don not mostly travel in times of economic recession. In addition, threats in terrorist attack, the rising fuel and labour costs also have caused the company to experience low level of profits for people are hesitant to travel due to these threats. Corporate strategy Cathay Pacific is using the growth strategy in the market. Organization wants to expand the number of markets served or products. They develop the business through their current business and new business In their growth strategies, there are concentration, Vertical integration, horizontal integration, related diversification and stability strategy. Main product of Cathay Pacific is providing the transportation. In the addition, they provide the entertainment, food and beverage to the passenger in the flight. Nowadays, they will change the menu of the flight and add the new entertainment to meet the passenger needs. For example, they announce the latest promotion to enhance award-winning in-flight wine selection. The introduction of six world class wines is from saint-E’milion Bordeaux, France to the first class wine list. It can attract the passenger to use their product on second of May. In each year, the company should be increase or improve the facility to get the passenger satisfaction. In the integration, there is vertical and horizontal. Cathay Pacific is the powerful organization. In their flight product, they need to provide the food to the passenger. Some of the airline, they should be find the supply to provide the food but Cathay Pacific have the Cathay Pacific Catering Services (Hong Kong) limited company to provide the food. It can control the food quality and the supporting will be fixed. On the horizontal integration, they take over the Dragonair on 28 September 2006 Dragonair was the competitor of the Cathay Pacific before the takeover. Within the Cathay  Pacific takeover the Dragonair, The two aircraft were restructured, and exchange waypoints. Dragonair should re-position as a regional airline, mainly to China and Southeast Asia markets. Moreover, Dragonair have another main function of the company. It is providing the intercontinental routes to Cathay Pacific to interchange network. For the diversification, there is the related and unrelated. Cathay Pacific created the Asia Miles membership. The member can through nine type of industry to get the Miles include the airline, hotel, finance and insurance, meals and banquets, retail, travel and leisure, automotive and transportation, telecommunications and professional services to get Miles. If the members buy the product in the partner company, it can get the Miles. The Miles can exchange the travel, electronic products, meals, concert tickets etc. The partner agencies were the China Airline, Australia Airline, Japan Airline etc. The Asia Miles can attract the guest to choice the service of the company. It is the loyalty program to attract the guest to be the loyalty customer. The unrelated diversification of them is promotion of the company. they should join the Hong Kong Tourism Board will be held in the Chinese New Year Parade on every Chinese new year day one. Also, Cathay Pacific sponsored the TV programmed about the travel and airline industry such as the â€Å"Choi Lam eat on the world† TV travel programmed made from TVB. Also in stability strategy, Cathay Pacific reduced the frequency of flights on the Los Angeles, New York and Toronto routes. Base on stable demand on passenger, Cathay Pacific still maintain three flights a week on the Los Angeles, New York and Toronto routes at the same time, to make a total of 20 flights per week. Reason behind the corporate strategy Cathay Pacific is based on customer retention for the company, service is absolutely critical. The company has been voted Airline of the Year in the Skytrax passenger poll twice in the past three years. But the company knows that it cannot survive as a premium airline without continually reinventing itself to maintain its status in such a highly competitive industry as the airline industry. Performance of its personnel is the most critical in the organization. Cathay Pacific is mainly focusing on their primary line of business and  increasing the number of products offered or markets share. For instant, purchasing new model aircrafts and adding different routes to different parts of the world. Also it uses the new technology to get help in the operation. Also, Cathay Pacific has their own catering services for preparing the foods consume in the aircraft. Thus Cathay pacific becomes its own supplier so it can control its inputs.  Beside, for keeping the market shares in the airline industry. Cathay Pacific has taken over the Dragonair. Cathay Pacific is combine with Dragonair that to increase the competitive strengths and lower competition among industry rivals. To increase the profit and encourage the potential customers, Cathay Pacific set up the Asia Miles membership to aim at attracting the guest to be the loyalty customer. In order to gain the attraction from the citizen, Cathay Pacific had joined the Chinese New Year Parade in every Chinese New Year to keep their exposure to the public. Furthermore, Cathay Pacific continuing to serve the same passenger by offering the same product or service that to maintain market share and sustaining the current business operation such as providing the long-haul services with an acceptable price. It will not fall behind in the airline industry. Recommendations and rationale on its corporate strategy In the case of Cathay Pacific Airways, market development and product development is the best suit their way of doing business. Market development is suitable to their business since they have already penetrated the existing markets. It is important to market their product on new markets. Product development is also suitable to maximize their profits. Product development would also enable them to offer more products and services in which are needed by the existing customer and may also invite potential customers thus increasing their profits. In an increasingly competitive environment it is crucial to maintain and develop passenger loyalty by providing high quality products and services, we suggested increasing some regional services in response to more robust  demand in parts of Asia. Cathay Pacific should added frequencies on routes to India, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam and introduced a new service to Hyderabad in India. For providing a more comfortable and an unforgettable flying experience to the customer, a new premium economy class, a new long-haul economy class seat and a new regional business class seat will be added. To maintain the competitive advantages, Cathay Pacific should implement a more convenience global internet service and e Business platforms. The implementation will ensure staff worldwide can take advantage of improved performance and secure, cost-effective access to critical business applications such as reservations, sales information, revenue management and engineering systems. The global Internet solution will enable future applications and passenger services to be speedily and simply developed and deployed worldwide, while also reducing telecommunications costs. This new lease of life means that the airline can better adapt to the demands of its markets and be responsive to changing business requirements. Cathay Pacific put safety in the first priority – safety is the first and most important clause of Cathay Pacific mission statement and has been a core commitment since the founding of airline more than 65 years ago. In food safety, Cathay Pacific continues to do their utmost to serve meals that meet the highest levels of food safety and hygiene. It works with caterers to create well-balanced meals, minimizing the use of trans-fats, and follow the policy on no monosodium glutamate. The policies on food safety and hygiene are based on recognized standards, such as the World Food Safety Guidelines for Airline Catering. Our caterers must comply with our strict food safety requirements and they are measured and monitored through our robust audit programme. In order to have horizontal integration, we advise Cathay Pacific can take over the Hong Kong Airline and Hong Kong Express Airways. The target market is mainly focus on the low air ticket price market and offer package tour. Cathay Pacific can expand the market share on low end. For diversify the Asia Miles membership, we recommend to co-operate with different credit card issuing banks. Through the credit cards, passenger can easily accumulate their pints to convert to mileage. In return helps to attract more passengers to purchase our services. To arouse people attraction, Cathay Pacific not only has the TV advertisement but also to put the resources on other medial to promote the company.  As the high cost of fuel, it made difficult to operate in some long-haul services profitably. We suggest Cathay Pacific to use fuel-efficient Boeing 777-300ER aircraft to instead of the less fuel-efficient Boeing 747-400 aircraft operate to on the long-haul services. Reference Website http://www.cathaypacific.com/cpa/en_INTL/homepage http://www.cathaypacific.com/cpa/en_INTL/aboutus/mediacentre/cxworld?CX_LANGUAGE=en&CX_COUNTRY=INTL http://www.cathaypacific.com/cpa/en_INTL/aboutus/investor/annualreports http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathay_Pacific http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/analysis-of-hong-kong-airline-cathay-pacific-airways-marketing-essay.php http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2010/02/swot-analysis-of-cathay-pacific.html http://www.allfreepapers.com/Business/Competitive-Advantage-Airlines/29593.html http://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%B0%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Airlines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Express_Airways http://www.cathaypacific.com/cpa/en_INTL/aboutus http://www.cathaypacific.com/cpa/en_HK/aboutus/mediacentre/cxworld?CX_LANGUAGE=en&CX_COUNTRY=HK http://www.cathaypacific.com/cpa/en_INTL/homepage?CX_FCN=CXHOME0_Home

Do You Need to Take the ACT for Community College

Do You Need to Take the ACT for Community College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you have questions about applying to community college? I have answers! For starters, most community colleges do not require ACT scores. In fact, the vast majority are open enrollment: as long as you meet a few basic requirements (the main one is generally having a high school diploma or GED), you’re in. The exception to this rule isif you're interested in more selective programs in science or law enforcementor if you're planning to transfer to a four-year university. In these cases, you may need to take the SAT or ACT. In this post, I’ll explain the application process for community colleges in more depthand what steps you’ll need to take to apply. What Do You Need to Apply to Community College? The application for community college is very easy. It has just two, or sometimes three, parts: an application form with some basic information your high school transcript or GED in some cases,an application fee (though many schools don't require one) Keep in mind that filling out the application is just the first step. Once you’re accepted, you may need to take a placement test and/or meet with an academic counselor. What If You've Already Taken the ACT? Again, most community colleges don’t require ACT scores for admission, so you shouldn’t register for the test. That being said, if you’ve already taken the test, you may end up wanting to send your scores to the school. As I mentioned above, community colleges generally require aplacement test to determine what level your English and math skills are at and whether you need remedial help. If you scored highly enough on your ACT, you may be able to opt out of this part of the enrollment process. Keep in mind, however, that if you haven’t taken the ACTit will probably be cheaper (or even free) to take the placement test offered by the school. University of Oregon (Jeff Ozvold/Flickr) AreThere Any Reasons Why You Would Need the ACT for Community College? Although community colleges themselvesdon't ask for standardized test scores, you may still need them, depending on your long-term plan. Those students who want to apply to a specialized program or transfer to a four-year university may need to submit ACT or SAT scores. Applying to Specialized Programs Certain community college programs, like nursing and law enforcement, often have more selective requirements than the school as a whole, and some may request standardized test scores. If you’re interested in a specific program make sure to check with yourcollege and find outwhat its admission requirements are and what you’ll need to do to meet them. Transferring to a Four-Year School Additionally, youmay need to take the ACTif you're planning to transfer to a four-year college or university. For some schools, transfer applicants (whether from other four-year schools or from community colleges) areasked to submit standardized test scores, though the exact requirements often depend on how many credits you've completed. Policies on standardized tests for transfer students vary, but, generally, the fewercredits you've completed, the morelikely it is that you'll need to submit ACTor SATscores. (It's often best if you've completed your associate degree.) Pathway programs, which provides priority admission at an affiliated four-year school, also tend to allow you to skip the standardized testing. However, some colleges and universities- mostly, though not exclusively, selective private schools- do require standardized test scores fromall students who apply.I've listed some examples of each type below. Schools that Require SATs or ACTs for Upper-Level Transfer Students Harvard University University of Chicago University of Virginia Tulane University Schools that Don't Require SATs or ACTs for Upper-Level Transfer Students University of California University of Colorado Pitzer College NYU University of Texas University of Florida Miami University (Ohio) This list is obviously not exhaustive, so no matter what,double check the requirementsto transfer tothe specific school and program you'd like to attend. What Are Your Next Steps? Confirm Admission Requirements with the School You’re Interested In This article offers general advice that will apply to most schools, but there’s always a chance that the community college you’re interested in will have different requirements. Make sure to research the application process for the school you want to attend. This info can usually be found on the school’s website, but if you have any questions don’t hesitate to go aheadand call the peopleat the admissions office. They’re there to help! Study for the Placement Test Just because it’s not the ACT doesn’t mean the placement test isn’t important- make sure you’re prepared so that you don’t have to repeat a bunch of material you already know. Plan for the Future If you are planning on transferring to a four-year schooldown the road, set yourself up for success by checkingthe transfer requirements at the schools where you want to apply well in advance. Here are some good questions to ask: what kind of classes do you need to take? is there an admission agreement between your community college and the university you want to attend? are there other requirements like recommendation letters, standardized test scores, or supplemental essays? Knowing what will be expected of you from the beginning helps ensurethat you're in the best position to transfer to a four-year school after completing your associate degree. Other Recommended Reading If you do need to take the ACT, take a look at our test prep guidesand checkwhether you wouldn't rather take the SAT. Also check out ourcomplete guide to transferring colleges! Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Alex Heimbach About the Author Alex is an experienced tutor and writer. Over the past five years, she has worked with almost a hundred students and written about pop culture for a wide range of publications. She graduated with honors from University of Chicago, receiving a BA in English and Anthropology, and then went on to earn an MA at NYU in Cultural Reporting and Criticism. In high school, she was a National Merit Scholar, took 12 AP tests and scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and ACT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Training & Development Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Training & Development - Term Paper Example It has been observed that â€Å"formal training and most organizational processes mandate that every training program have stated objectives and evaluation† (Carliner, 2002, â€Å"Adapting Design Techniques for Informal Learning†). In the context of Maddox, the training program has to be formalized and the first step will be to form a focus group consisting of representatives from the management, administration, HR department, maintenance department, and operational and functional associates. A comprehensive agenda that covers the vital areas of development/implementation, training guidelines, time-frame, mode of training, etc. will be designed. The training initiatives will be augmented through training brochures, best practices, troubleshooting and there shall also be testing/evaluation, analysis of performance as well as operational effectiveness. The entire process will be supported by information technology (IT) to ensure no communication-gaps exist.2.2. TNA Survey 2.2.1. Explanation of TNAAccording to the observations of the Cabinet Office (1988), training needs are said to arise â€Å"when a learning need cannot be met within the normal day-to-day processes or when meeting a learning need in this way will take too long, involve too high a risk/cost, not result in the required standard of performance, and when training is the most cost-effective way of meeting the need† (â€Å"The Identification of Organizational and Individual Training and Development Needs†).

Internal Memorandum of Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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